P-Chloronitrobenzene
Zouping Jinxing Chemical Co., Ltd. is one of the leading manufacturers and suppliers of p-chloronitrobenzene in China. If you're going to wholesale bulk p-chloronitrobenzene made in China, welcome to get free sample from our factory. All customized products are with high quality and low price.
Basic properties
Appearance: p-Chloronitrobenzene appears as pale yellow monoclinic prismatic crystals or flaky solids; it has a slightly sweet and pungent taste (it is solid at room temperature and readily sublimes).
Boiling point: 242 °C (atmospheric pressure); 113 °C / 1.07 kPa
Density: 1.298 g/cm³ (25 °C; literature also cites 1.52, depending on crystal form/temperature reference).
Flash point: 127 °C (closed cup)
Vapor pressure: Approx. 0.02 mmHg (25 °C); vapor density 5.4 (air = 1); tends to accumulate near the ground.
Solubility: p-Chloronitrobenzene is sparingly soluble in water (approximately 225 mg/L at 20 °C) and cold ethanol; it is soluble in hot ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, benzene, and carbon disulfide.
Chemical stability: Stable at room temperature; the Cl and NO₂ groups are in the *para* position, significantly deactivating the aromatic ring and making further electrophilic substitution difficult; the nitro group can be reduced, and the chlorine atom can undergo SNAr reactions in the presence of strong bases or strong nucleophiles (facilitated by the activating effect of the *para*-nitro group).
Primary Uses
Reduction → p-Chloroaniline (4-chloroaniline): Iron powder reduction (legacy process, high wastewater volume), catalytic hydrogenation (Raney Ni, 50–70°C, 3 MPa H₂, mainstream method), or reduction using hydrazine hydrate/sodium sulfide; p-chloroaniline is further processed into azo dyes, Naphthol AS-LB, Librium, Phenacetin (discontinued), Diflubenzuron, Anilofos, etc.
Dye/pigment intermediates: Azo dyes, sulfur dyes, azoic dyes (ice colors)
Pharmaceuticals/pesticides: Precursor for Paracetamol, Phenacetin (historical), Parathion (historical product), Chlomethoxyfen (banned), etc.
Rubber additives: Raw material for p-aminodiphenylamine-type antioxidants
FAQ
Q: Toxicity and Occupational Health
A: Typical toxicology: Dermal/inhalation exposure → methemoglobinemia (cyanosis); nitro-reduction inactivates hemoglobin, leading to cyanosis of lips and fingernails, headache, and dyspnea; severe cases are fatal. Acute LD₅₀: Rat (oral) 420 mg/kg (highly toxic); Rabbit (dermal) 16,000 mg/kg (high numerical value, but dermal absorption causing hematotoxicity is the critical factor; GHS classified as H311). Chronic effects: Anemia, liver/kidney damage, suspected reproductive toxicity and mutagenicity (RTECS lists as Tumorigen/Mutagen/Reproductive). Carcinogenicity classification: IARC Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans); ACGIH A3; NIOSH regulates as an occupational carcinogen. Occupational exposure limits: China GBZ 2.1: PC-TWA 1 mg/m³ (Skin), MAC 1 mg/m³ ACGIH TLV-TWA: 0.1 ppm (0.64 mg/m³, Skin) OSHA PEL: 1 mg/m³ (Skin); NIOSH IDLH 100 mg/m³ Alcohol consumption exacerbates poisoning (ethanol promotes nitro-reduction); alcohol is prohibited in the workplace.
Q: Key Points for Handling and Storage
A: Three-pronged protection (dust, sublimated vapors, and skin contact): Enclosed operations, local exhaust combined with general ventilation, and dust concentration monitoring; PPE: Half-face respirator/dust mask (SCBA for high concentrations), nitrile/neoprene gloves, chemical-resistant suit, and safety goggles; bare-hand contact strictly prohibited; work clothes laundered separately; Storage: Cool, dry, and well-ventilated area; store separately from strong oxidizers (nitric acid, peroxides), strong bases (NaOH, NaOCH₃-reacts violently), and food additives; keep sealed, protected from light, and prevent contamination from sublimation; Spills: Collect using wet methods or plastic shovels into sealed containers; dry sweeping that raises dust is prohibited; dispose of via incineration as halogen- and nitrogen-containing hazardous waste (with flue gas treatment to remove NOx/HCl); Firefighting: Water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical, or CO₂; thermal decomposition releases NOx, HCl, and CO; firefighters require SCBA.
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