Anhydrous Lithium Chloride

Anhydrous lithium chloride is a lithium halide that appears as white cubic crystals or powder at room temperature; it is deliquescent and is one of the few salts that remain strongly hygroscopic even in a dry state.

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Product Introduction

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Basic properties

Molecular formula: LiCl; Molecular weight: 42.39
Melting point: 605°C; Boiling point: approx. 1382°C
Solubility: Highly soluble in water (~83 g/100 mL at room temperature); also soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone; aqueous solution is neutral
Hygroscopicity: Anhydrous lithium chloride is extremely hygroscopic; upon exposure to air, it rapidly cakes or even liquefies into a saturated solution
Density: 2.07 g/cm³

Primary Uses

Desiccants and dehumidification: Used in closed systems (e.g., gas drying, desiccant wheel cores for air conditioning) for deep dehydration
Batteries and electrochemistry: Molten LiCl-KCl serves as a high-temperature molten salt electrolyte; also acts as a precursor for lithium-ion battery materials
Organic synthesis: Lewis acid catalyst; reagent for halogen exchange reactions
Welding/brazing flux: Lowers the melting point of metal oxides
Absorption refrigeration systems: Aqueous LiCl solution used as the absorbent working fluid
Analytical reagents: Standard substance for lithium determination via flame photometry

Safety and Operation

Irritation: Dust irritates the eyes, respiratory tract, and skin; prolonged exposure may lead to lithium accumulation and toxicity (symptoms include hand tremors, drowsiness, etc.).
Storage: Anhydrous lithium chloride must be stored in a sealed container and protected from moisture; storage under nitrogen or in a desiccator is recommended. Do not store in open paper bags or ordinary plastic bottles.
Handling: Wear a dust mask and gloves. Collect spills using dry sand or dry tools; do not wash away with water, as this may cause widespread deliquescence.

Common commercially available specifications

Purity: 99%, 99.9%, 99.99% (battery grade/high-purity grade)
Packaging: Vacuum-sealed aluminum foil bags; amber wide-mouth bottles with desiccant
Note the distinction between anhydrous lithium chloride and lithium chloride hydrate (LiCl·H₂O); the latter readily hydrolyzes upon heating to form LiOH and HCl, so producing the anhydrous form typically requires dehydration in a stream of HCl gas.