3,5-Dinitrobenzoic Acid

At room temperature, 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid appears as a pale yellow to white crystalline powder with no significant odor; it is a classic reagent used in organic analysis for the identification of alcohols. It is sparingly soluble in water but readily soluble in ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and hot methanol, and it dissolves in alkaline aqueous solutions (such as NaOH solution) by forming a salt.

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Product Introduction

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Basic physical properties

CAS: 99-34-3
Appearance: White to pale yellow crystalline powder (may appear slightly yellow depending on purity or light exposure)
Melting point: 205–207°C (melts before sublimation; some literature cites 208°C)
Boiling point: >300°C (with decomposition)
Density: Approx. 1.68 g/cm³
Solubility: Sparingly soluble in water (<0.1 g/100 mL at room temperature); readily soluble in ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and hot methanol; dissolves in alkaline aqueous solutions (e.g., NaOH) by forming a salt
pKa: Approx. 2.8 (more acidic than benzoic acid, which has a pKa of 4.2, due to the strong electron-withdrawing effect of the two nitro groups)
UV: Strong absorption; λmax at approx. 230 nm and 330 nm (characteristic of nitro-substituted aromatic acids)

Primary Uses

Analytical Chemistry: Preparation of alcohol, phenol, and amine derivatives + melting point identification (especially for instructional organic chemistry experiments)
Organic Synthesis Intermediates: Production of diaminobenzoic acid, azo dyes, and pharmaceutical side chains
Chromatographic Derivatization Reagents: Derivatization of alcohols in HPLC/TLC to enhance detection sensitivity
Corrosion/Corrosion Inhibition Research: Metal surface treatment additives (in small quantities)

Safety and Physiology

Toxicity: Toxic dosage. Oral LD₅₀ in rats ≈ 300–600 mg/kg (nitroaromatic acids carry a risk of cumulative hepatotoxicity).
Irritation: Dust irritates the respiratory tract, eyes, and skin; potential for sensitization.
GHS: H302 Harmful if swallowed; H315 Causes skin irritation; H319 Causes serious eye irritation; H335 May cause respiratory irritation.
Storage and Transport: Store in a sealed container, protected from light and moisture; keep separate from oxidizing agents (contains nitro groups but is not a primary explosive; keep away from strong reducing agents to prevent formation of amines); handle in accordance with regulations for general toxic chemicals.

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Prenal

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