Dicyandiamide

At room temperature, dicyandiamide appears as an odorless, white, rhombic crystalline powder; it is a high-nitrogen organic intermediate with a nitrogen content of up to 66.7%. It is sparingly soluble in cold water but readily soluble in hot water, ethanol, and DMF, while being virtually insoluble in benzene, diethyl ether, and chloroform. Its aqueous solution is weakly alkaline and remains stable under dry conditions at room temperature; however, the solution decomposes slowly at temperatures above 80°C, releasing ammonia, and decomposes into melamine and ammonia when heated above 250°C.

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Product Introduction

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Basic physical properties

Appearance: White rhombic crystalline powder
Melting point: 207–211°C (decomposes upon melting; sublimes at 220°C)
Density: 1.40 g/cm³ (25°C)
Solubility: Sparingly soluble in cold water (2.26 g/100 g at 13°C); readily soluble in hot water, ethanol, and DMF; practically insoluble in benzene, diethyl ether, and chloroform
Acidity/Alkalinity: Aqueous solution is weakly alkaline

Chemical Properties and Stability

Thermal stability: Stable at room temperature in dry form; aqueous solutions decompose slowly above 80°C, releasing ammonia; decomposes into melamine and ammonia when heated above 250°C.
Condensation reaction: Can undergo condensation with aldehydes (such as formaldehyde) to produce dicyandiamide-formaldehyde resins.
Salt formation: Exhibits weak alkalinity and can be neutralized by inorganic acids to form various guanidine salts (e.g., guanidine nitrate, guanidine hydrochloride).
Hazardous reactions: Reacts violently-or may even explode-upon contact with strong oxidizing agents (such as ammonium nitrate or potassium chlorate); reacts with acids to release highly toxic hydrogen cyanide gas.

Primary Uses

Latent curing agent for epoxy resins: This is its primary application. It remains highly stable when mixed with epoxy resin at room temperature (with a shelf life exceeding six months) but undergoes rapid cross-linking and curing when heated to 145–180°C; it is widely used in the production of one-component epoxy adhesives, powder coatings, and FR-4 copper-clad laminates.
Pharmaceutical and pesticide intermediate: Used in the synthesis of sulfonamide antibacterials, antidiabetic drugs (such as metformin), and Vitamin B12; it also serves as a key raw material for novel neonicotinoid insecticides.
Industrial additives: Used as an early-strength agent for cement, a denitrification agent in steelmaking, a rubber vulcanization accelerator, a dye fixing agent, and a nitrogen fertilizer synergist (nitrification inhibitor).
Water treatment flocculant: Dicyandiamide-formaldehyde resin acts as a highly effective decolorizing flocculant for treating wastewater from the textile printing, dyeing, and papermaking industries.

Safety and Storage and Transportation Essentials

Toxicity: Low toxicity. Oral LD₅₀ (rat) > 500 mg/kg. Harmful if dust is inhaled or if swallowed; irritating to eyes and skin; may cause skin rashes.
Fire and explosion hazards: Non-flammable itself, but decomposes under high heat to release highly toxic fumes such as cyanides and nitrogen oxides.
Storage and transport requirements: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated warehouse; keep strictly protected from moisture. Must be stored separately from strong oxidizers, acids, and alkalis; do not store together. Handle with care during loading and unloading to prevent package damage.