Acetonitrile

Acetonitrile is a colorless, transparent, and highly volatile liquid with a faint ethereal sweetness. As the simplest organic nitrile compound, it combines excellent solvency with high chemical reactivity. It is primarily utilized in pharmaceutical and agrochemical synthesis, electronic chemicals, chromatographic analysis, and petrochemical processing. Storage must be in a cool, well-ventilated dedicated warehouse, away from sources of ignition and heat.

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Product Introduction

Zouping Jinxing Chemical Co., Ltd. is one of the leading manufacturers and suppliers of acetonitrile in China. If you're going to wholesale bulk acetonitrile made in China, welcome to get free sample from our factory. All customized products are with high quality and low price.

Physicochemical properties

Boiling point: 81.6℃, Melting point: −45.7℃, Density: 0.786 g/cm³ (20℃)
Solubility: Acetonitrile is completely miscible with water, methanol, ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, chloroform, and ethyl acetate.; can dissolve many inorganic salts and organometallic complexes, making it a rare "both hydrophilic and organic-philic" neutral polar solvent.
Dielectric constant: ε≈37.5 (20℃), Dipole moment: 3.92 D-higher polarity than acetone, lower than water; organic phase is preferred for HPLC reverse-phase chromatography.
Flash point: 6℃ (closed cup), extremely flammable, explosion limits: 3.0%–16% (volume).
Chemical behavior: Nitrile group is stable but can be hydrolyzed (acid/base catalysis → acetic acid/acetamide), reduced (Raney Ni/H₂ → ethylamine), and reacts with Grignard reagents; it does not readily self-polymerize, but may polymerize upon heating when containing trace amounts of HCN/acrylonitrile.

Core Uses

Chromatographic and Analytical Solvents (High-Value Consumption)

HPLC Reverse Chromatography Organic Phase (60%+ of high-purity acetonitrile), gradient elution with stable baseline and low UV cutoff wavelength (190 nm)

LC-MS, GC Derivatization Solvents, Sample Extractants

Organic Synthesis Solvents and Reagents

Preferred Solvents for Nucleophilic Substitution and SN₂ Reactions (High Dielectricity, Low Nucleophilicity, No Reaction Competition)

Synthetic Drug Intermediates (Pyrimidines, Nucleoside Analogs), Pesticides (Triazine Herbicides), Dyes

Intermediates in the Preparation of Ethylamine and Acetic Anhydride Substitution Routes

Electrochemistry and Specialized Fields

Lithium-ion Battery Electrolyte Additives (Improves Low Temperature and Rate Capacity, Small Quantity)

Semiconductor Cleaning (Electronic Grade, Partial Replacement of IPAC/PGMEA)

Extraction Distillation Entrainers (Removal of C₄ Alkynes from Butadiene Units)

Safety and Storage

Toxicity: Acetonitrile is moderately toxic, oral LD₅₀ ≈ 2460 mg/kg in rats; however, the real danger lies in the slow metabolic detoxification-it is converted to cyanide (HCN) by microsomal enzymes in the body, and high doses can cause respiratory distress, convulsions, and liver damage; IARC does not list it as carcinogenic, but long-term low-dose neurotoxicity is controversial.

GHS: Flammable liquid (Cat 2), Acute toxicity (Cat 4 oral/inhalation), Target organ toxicity (STOT RE 1, nervous system)

Contraindications: Strictly prohibited from storage with strong acids (contains HCN), strong oxidizers, and peroxides; although not violently reactive with water, prolonged exposure to water can easily generate trace amounts of HCN.

Fire Extinguishing Methods: Alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder, CO₂, water spray

Protection: Half-face respirator (high concentration), nitrile gloves, goggles; spills should be absorbed with sand/activated carbon; wastewater should be treated as nitrogen-containing organic hazardous waste and should not be discharged into closed sewers (risk of volatile accumulation and deflagration + HCN).